1 让自己习惯c++

accustoming yourself to c++

01:视c++ 为一个语言联邦

view c++ as a federation of languages

02:尽量以const, enum, inline替换 #define

prefer consts,enums, and inlines to #defines

03:尽可能使用const

use const whenever possible

04:确定对象被使用前已先被初始化

make sure that objects are initialized before they're used

2 构造/析构/赋值运算

constructors, destructors, and assignment operators

05:了解c++ 默默编写并调用哪些函数

know what functions c++ silently writes and calls

06:若不想使用编译器自动生成的函数,就该明确拒绝

explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated functions you do not want

07:为多态基类声明virtual析构函数

declare destructors virtual in polymorphic base classes

08:别让异常逃离析构函数

prevent exceptions from leaving destructors

09:绝不在构造和析构过程中调用virtual函数

never call virtual functions during construction or destruction

10:令operator= 返回一个reference to *this

have assignment operators return a reference to *this

11:在operator= 中处理“自我赋值”

handle assignment to self in operator=

12:复制对象时勿忘其每一个成分

copy all parts of an object

3 资源管理

resource management

13:以对象管理资源

use objects to manage resources

14:在资源管理类中小心copying行为

think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing classes

15:在资源管理类中提供对原始资源的访问

provide access to raw resources in resource-managing classes

16:成对使用new和delete时要采取相同形式

use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete

17:以独立语句将newed对象置入智能指针

store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statements

4 设计与声明

designs and declarations

18:让接口容易被正确使用,不易被误用

make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly

19:设计class犹如设计type

treat class design as type design

20:宁以pass-by-reference-to-const替换pass-by-value

prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value

21:必须返回对象时,别妄想返回其reference

don't try to return a reference when you must return an object

22:将成员变量声明为private

declare data members private

23:宁以non-member、non-friend替换member函数

prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions

24:若所有参数皆需类型转换,请为此采用non-member函数

declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters

25:考虑写出一个不抛异常的swap函数

consider support for a non-throwing swap

5 实现

implementations

26:尽可能延后变量定义式的出现时间

postpone variable definitions as long as possible

27:尽量少做转型动作

minimize casting

28:避免返回handles指向对象内部成分

avoid returning "handles" to object internals

29:为“异常安全”而努力是值得的

strive for exception-safe code

30:透彻了解inlining的里里外外

understand the ins and outs of inlining

31:将文件间的编译依存关系降至最低

minimize compilation dependencies between files

6 继承与面向对象设计

inheritance and object-oriented design

32:确定你的public继承塑模出is-a关系

make sure public inheritance models "is-a "

33:避免遮掩继承而来的名称

avoid hiding inherited names

34:区分接口继承和实现继承

differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation

35:考虑virtual函数以外的其他选择

consider alternatives to virtual functions

36:绝不重新定义继承而来的non-virtual函数

never redefine an inherited non-virtual function

37:绝不重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值

never redefine a function's inherited default parameter value

38:通过复合塑模出has-a或"根据某物实现出"

model "has-a" or "is-implemented-in-terms-of" through composition

39:明智而审慎地使用private继承

use private inheritance judiciously

40:明智而审慎地使用多重继承

use multiple inheritance judiciously

7 模板与泛型编程

templates and generic programming

41:了解隐式接口和编译期多态

understand implicit interfaces and compile-time polymorphism

42:了解typename的双重意义

understand the two meanings of typename

43:学习处理模板化基类内的名称

know how to access names in templatized base classes

44:将与参数无关的代码抽离templates

factor parameter-independent code out of templates

45:运用成员函数模板接受所有兼容类型

use member function templates to accept "all compatible types "

46:需要类型转换时请为模板定义非成员函数

define non-member functions inside templates when type conversions are desired

47:请使用traits classes表现类型信息

use traits classes for information about types

48:认识template元编程

be aware of template metaprogramming

8 定制new和delete

customizing new and delete

49:了解new-handler的行为

understand the behavior of the new-handler

50:了解new和delete的合理替换时机

understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete

51:编写new和delete时需固守常规

adhere to convention when writing new and delete

52:写了placement new也要写placement delete

write placement delete if you write placement new

9 杂项讨论

miscellany

53:不要轻忽编译器的警告

pay attention to compiler warnings

54:让自己熟悉包括tr1在内的标准程序库

familiarize yourself with the standard library, including tr1

55:让自己熟悉boost

familiarize yourself with boost